Marimba sonidos de emprendimiento
Tienen es sus manos las cualidades de un carpintero; su sentido auditivo se mantiene afinado; se levantan y acuestan con los sonidos de marimba, tambores y cununos.
Cortan y secan la palma de chonta con ritual; cada tablilla tiene características especiales, las golpean una y otra vez hasta sacar esas notas armonizadas que acompañan canciones de vida.
Hay quienes les llaman artesanos, hacedores de instrumentos o luthiers.
No tienen un manual que lleve el paso a paso. En su mente y memoria están los conocimientos heredados de abuelos, padres y tíos
En Cali hacen referencia a siete artesanos que guardan esa tradición. Ellos han llegado municipios de los departamentos de Cauca, Chocó, Valle del Cauca y Nariño.
Nombres como Addo Possú, Alejandro, Enrique, Juan Camilo y Mauricio Riascos, hacen parte de este grupo de hacedores de marimba.
Addo Oved Possú nació en Santander de Quilichao y desde niño se emocionó con las historias que escuchaba contar a José Antonio Torres, el papá del maestro Gualajo.
Fue justamente José Antonio quien lo inició como luthier.
Tejiendo historias a punta de marimba
Llegó hace 40 años al barrio Meléndez, en el sur de Cali, y hoy es uno de los artesanos más buscados.
“He tenido la posibilidad de conocer, conversar y aprender de los mas grandes constructores de instrumentos”, dice con orgullo.
En la lista de maestros están José Antonio Torres, Aureliano Granja, Migdonio Rivas, Bonifacio Cuero. Así mismo Felipe Herrera y Libardo Rosero, entre otros.
Emprendimiento artesanal
A sus dos hijos les ha compartido el conocimiento. “El anhelo de mi vida es que al faltar yo, ellos continúen con el proceso; por eso les hago conocer cantidad de detalles”.
También les habla de los tiempos de secado de la materia prima. “La chonta necesita más tiempo que la liso, la guadua y el aguacatillo”.
Les recalca a cerca de los tres componentes básicos: “el principal es la chonta en la parte vibratoria; los cañutos o resonadores que son hechos en guadua o bambú y la madera que compone la caja para la que debemos usar amarillo o achapo”, confiesa Possú.
Percusión al rescate
Dice que la parte más difícil de aprender estuvo en la construcción de las baquetas o tacos (palitos con los que se toca la marimba) “es un componente fundamental, tienen una pequeña cabeza que se forra en caucho crudo, si se usa otro material no suena fiel”.
Para Addo Possú los instrumentos de percusión cambiaron su vida. En su taller se construye el conjunto de marimba; la tambora chocoana y la requinta “que se está perdiendo, en Chocó es remplazada por el redoblante metálico. Hoy es un instrumento difícil de conseguir y nosotros lo seguimos fabricando porque es una forma de conservar, lo que aprendí del maestro Migdonio Rivas, uno de los cultivadores de la requinta”.
Chonta, la reina del sur
Enrique, Alejandro, Juan Camilo y Mauricio Riascos llegaron desde el sur caucano buscando oportunidades. En su equipaje traían sueños y la posibilidad de hacer emprendimientos.
Hacen parte de una nueva generación de músicos y luthiers.
Aprendieron de manera empírica al ver a los maestros en las calles de su pueblo natal y de los días de la virgen de Guapi, en donde todo no es fiesta.
Libardo Rosero, de Barbacoas – Nariño, es músico y artesano. Con frecuencia visita Cali y comparte su conocimiento ancestral.[/caption]
Tocar marimba y hacerlas les ha permitido alcanzar sueños. Enrique hoy es ingeniero electrónico de la universidad del Valle; Alejandro está terminando contaduría en la universidad Libre.
Mauricio estudia ingeniería civil y Juan Camilo divide el tiempo entre la lutheria y el deporte.
Son jóvenes que a la ancestralidad y tradición le están aplicando las nuevas tecnologías.
Respetan toda la tradición en la elaboración de marimba y otros instrumentos de percusión, pero con las nuevas tecnologías tienen un canal para darlas a conocer en todo el mundo.
“Las redes sociales e Internet nos permiten, de forma rápida, hacer enlaces comerciales con otros países”, dice Enrique Riascos.
Promotores culturales
Están organizados con su fundación Palma Chonta en donde no sólo construyen los instrumentos sino que trabajan en la preservación de la tradición y promueven su conocimiento.
Cuando alguien en el exterior compra una marimba, ellos enseñan a tocar el instrumento de manera virtual.
Enrique, Alejandro, Juan Camilo y Mauricio Riascos son músicos, luthiers y emprendedores.[/caption]
Whatsapp y skype se convirtieron en las herramientas que los conectan con alumnos que reciben conceptos tradicionales de la marimba y otros instrumentos tradicionales.
Los Riascos viven en el barrio Meléndez y su emprendimiento los lleva a la reingeniería cada día.
Hablan de negocios internacionales, saben que algunos de los instrumentos que elaboran están en otros países y por eso se preparan para lo que será la primera exportación oficial de una marimba desde Cali hasta Francia.
“Empezamos a fortalecer la parte legal, la responsabilidad con el medio ambiente y la negociación con la empresa intermediaria que hace envíos. Todo es constante aprendizaje” dice Enrique Riascos.
Emprendimiento cultural
Están dedicados a la elaboración de marimbas, bombos cununos y guasas.
En el proceso trabajan con dos personas que hacen tratamiento de madera y los marcos. Cinco personas más trabajan en el taller la parte de ebanistería y pintura.
A las piezas se les hace el acondicionamiento acústico. “Mauricio y Juan Camilo hacen parte del proceso de elaboración. Alejandro y yo, somos los responsables del afinamiento” expresa Enrique Riascos.
Con este emprendimiento llegaron a Cali para construir sueños, uno de ellos el de ir a la universidad. “La marimba nos ha cambiado la vida de manera integral. Sentimos que estamos aportando a la sociedad, hacemos parte de los gestores culturales; aportamos para la preservación de la cultura” argumenta el marimbero y luthier.
Francia, Suiza, Chile, Buenos Aires y México son países en donde tienen seguidores.
“En México se ha popularizado la música del pacífico y aunque ellos tienen marimba, muchos dicen que la de chonta suena diferente, es envolvente y cautiva la gente”, concluye Enrique Riascos.
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